Current events provide almost daily twists in the nature of the Trans-Atlantic relationship. As a result, European militaries are an attractive subject for analysis of the multiple factors contributing to change in those militaries, and the Italian military is no exception. With the development of programs, such as the NATO Response Force (NRF) and a variety of burgeoning European Union (EU) military entities intended to spearhead European military modernization, NATO and the EU are the primary sources of external factors in Italian military modernization. Internal Italian factors, such as the recent elimination of conscription, also impact Italian military modernization. Analysis of internal factors concentrates on technological, systems, doctrinal, organizational, and resource management attributes. The literature indicates that internal factors, particularly organizational changes, military systems upgrades, and resource management, are the most significant determinants of Italian military modernization. | Factors In Italian Military Modernization by Francis J Swekosky, Paperback | Indigo Chapters